India's Modi sworn in as prime minister for historic third term

Narendra Modi was sworn in as India's prime minister for a record-equalling third term on Sunday, marking a significant milestone in his political career. The oath of office was administered by President Droupadi Murmu at a grand ceremony at the Rashtrapati Bhavan in New Delhi, attended by thousands of dignitaries, including leaders from seven regional countries, Bollywood stars, and industrialists.

Modi's third term is notable not only for equalling the record of independence leader Jawaharlal Nehru but also for the challenges it presents. Unlike his previous two terms, where the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) won an outright majority, this term's victory was secured with the support of 14 regional parties within the BJP-led National Democratic Alliance (NDA). This coalition arrangement underscores a significant shift in political dynamics and reflects a setback from the earlier expectation of a more dominant BJP performance.

During his tenure, Modi has been credited with delivering robust economic growth and enhancing India's global standing. However, domestic issues such as insufficient job creation, high prices, low incomes, and religious tensions have affected voter sentiment, leading to the coalition-driven outcome.

As he begins his new term, Modi faces the challenge of building consensus on contentious political and policy issues amidst the varied interests of regional parties and a more robust opposition. Analysts caution that maintaining fiscal balance could become more difficult due to increased demands for development funds from NDA-ruled states and potential pressures on welfare spending aimed at regaining voter support.

In his post-election address, Modi struck a conciliatory tone, emphasizing the need for unanimity to run the country effectively. He acknowledged the importance of cooperation and consensus in governance, a departure from the religious rhetoric that characterized his election campaign.

Modi's third term is poised to test his ability to navigate these complexities and ensure policy certainty in the world's most populous nation.